Medical, Endoscopic, and Surgical Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (MDedge)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects an estimated 1.03 billion people worldwide, with prevalence ranging significantly by region. Defined as a condition where stomach contents reflux causes troublesome symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation, GERD’s diagnosis often involves endoscopy and reflux monitoring, especially for patients unresponsive to initial treatments. Advanced diagnostic tools such as pH or impedance-pH monitoring and high-resolution esophageal manometry help clinicians confirm GERD and assess for surgical suitability in more severe cases. Evolving treatments include tailored use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), novel medical therapies, and endoscopic procedures. Explore the full article for a comprehensive review of diagnostic and management strategies that are helping clinicians better address this pervasive condition.